All Fermi answers
Fermi #9 · Question 3

How long is Italy's coastline, counting all of its islands?

Explore the official answer and the simple reasoning behind this Fermi estimate.

3QUESTION 3 OF 3

Answer & explanation

The official answer, with Fermi’s reasoning step by step.

Answer & explanation

Official answer

7,600

kilometers

How to estimate it

Fermi’s official “Napkin math”

Italy's boot is about 1,200 kilometres long, and it has coast down both sides. That is already 2,400. Then add Sicily, Sardinia and every bay and headland, which easily triples it.

Length of the boot
~1,200 km
Coast on both sides
× 2
Islands and all the wiggles
× 3
1,200 × 2 × 3
≈ 7,200 km

Rounded assumptions may give a slightly different estimate. The official answer above is the game’s reference value.

Source calculation & reference
Mainland and island coastline (World Factbook)
= 7,600 km
Same figure in miles
≈ 4,700 miles
Islands included
3,766 of them

Reference cited by Fermi: CIA World Factbook coastline figures

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