All Fermi answers
Fermi #60 · Question 2

How many people worldwide live within 10 km (6.2 miles) of an ocean coast?

Explore the official answer and the simple reasoning behind this Fermi estimate.

2QUESTION 2 OF 3

Answer & explanation

The official answer, with Fermi’s reasoning step by step.

Answer & explanation

Official answer

1,090,000,000

people

How to estimate it

Fermi’s official “Napkin math”

The easiest place to start is the world population, about 8 billion. How many of them live close enough to the ocean to see it on a clear day? Coasts pull people in for fishing, trade, and tourism, so call it 1 in 7.

World population
~8,000,000,000
Live within 10km of a coast
~1 in 7
8B ÷ 7
≈ 1.1 billion

Rounded assumptions may give a slightly different estimate. The official answer above is the game’s reference value.

Source calculation & reference
People within 5 km (3 miles) of a coast, 2018 (LandScan data)
748,000,000
People 5 to 10 km (3 to 6 miles) from a coast
+ 344,000,000
748M + 344M
≈ 1.09 billion

Reference cited by Fermi: Scientific Reports (Nature), "Accelerating growth of human coastal populations at the global and continent levels: 2000-2018" (Cosby et al., Mississippi State University / Oak Ridge National Laboratory LandScan data)

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