All Fermi answers
Fermi #76 · Question 1

The first piece of the International Space Station launched in November 1998. By 1 September 2026, how many times had the station circled the Earth?

Explore the official answer and the simple reasoning behind this Fermi estimate.

1QUESTION 1 OF 3

Answer & explanation

The official answer, with Fermi’s reasoning step by step.

Answer & explanation

Official answer

158,000

orbits

How to estimate it

Fermi’s official “Napkin math”

The easiest place to start is how long it's been up, about 28 years. How long is one lap of the planet? About 90 minutes, which works out to 16 laps a day.

Years in orbit
~28
Laps a day
× 16
Days a year
× 365
28 × 16 × 365
≈ 160,000

Rounded assumptions may give a slightly different estimate. The official answer above is the game’s reference value.

Source calculation & reference
150,000th orbit (Roscosmos, via Interfax)
11 March 2025
Days to 1 September 2026
+ 539
Orbits a day (92.9-minute orbit)
× 15.5
150,000 + 8,350
≈ 158,350

Reference cited by Fermi: Roscosmos, via Interfax, 2025

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